416 stainless steel
It is one of the most machinable stainless steels, making it a popular choice for applications requiring complex shapes and tight tolerances.
Descriptions
1. Chemical Composition
The chemical composition of 416 stainless steel is critical to its performance. Below is a detailed table of its chemical composition:
| Element | Composition (%) |
| Carbon (C) | 0.15 max |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤1.25 |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤1.00 |
| Phosphorus (P) | ≤0.040 |
| Sulfur (S) | 0.15 min |
| Chromium (Cr) | 12.00-14.00 |
| Nickel (Ni) | ≤0.75 |
| Iron (Fe) | Balance |
2. Mechanical Properties
The mechanical properties of 416 stainless steel forgings can vary significantly depending on the heat treatment process. The following table provides detailed mechanical properties for 416 stainless steel in the annealed and hardened conditions:
| Property | Annealed Condition | Hardened Condition |
| Tensile Strength | 517 MPa (75,000 psi) | 827 MPa(120,000 psi) |
| Yield Strength (0.2%offset) | 276 MPa (40,000 psi) | 689 MPa(100,000 psi) |
| Elongation in 50 mm | 30% | 12% |
| Hardness (Brinell） | 155-200 | 275-350 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | 200 GPa (29x 10^6 psi) | 200 GPa(29 x 10^6 psi) |
| Density | 7.75 g/cm³ (0.280 1b/in³) | 7.75 g/cm³(0.280 1b/in³) |
| Melting Range | 1480-1530C(2696-2786°F) | 1480-1530℃(2696-2786°F) |
3. Common Forging Product
Screw Machine Parts: Due to its excellent machinability.
Valve Components: Such as stems, seats, and gates.
Pump Shafts: Where machinability and moderate corrosion resistance are needed.
Fasteners: Bolts, downhole notors, and nuts requiring high machinability.
Gears and Pinions: Components requiring complex shapes and tight tolerances.
4. Industry standards
ASTM A582: Standard Specification for Free-Machining Stainless Steel Bars.
ASTM A484: General Requirements for Stainless Steel Bars, Billets, and Forgings.
AMS 5640: Aerospace Material Specification for 303 Stainless Steel Bars and Rods.
EN 10088-3: European Standard for Stainless Steels – Technical Delivery Conditions for Semi-Finished Products, Bars, Rods, and Sections.
ISO 3506: Mechanical Properties of Corrosion-Resistant Stainless Steel Fasteners.
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